Jazz And Its Influence On African American Communities

Throughout several years, numerous genres of music have been created and evolved, such as contemporary, country, pop, and more. One genre, in particular, has greatly influenced the world and still remains popular today. This renowned genre is jazz. Although jazz originated in the late 19th and early 20th century, the genre has continued to develop and influence other aspects of music. With its beginnings in African American communities, jazz features several distinguishing components and defining qualities. Along with jazz’s many influences and unique features, the genre also includes a variety of leading musicians. The roots of jazz are often pinned to the African American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana. Because New Orleans was at the center of trade through its major sea and river port, music was able to develop through the numerous people who came to and from the area. As a result of this mixing of people, past music traditions also blended. Music traditions, such as slave songs and brass bands, contributed to a new creation. Slave songs, which were known for their spiritual and gospel sound, were sung by slaves who were working on plantations, railroads, fields, and more. In addition to the spiritual sound, slave songs also featured the call-and-response idea, in which a leader sang one line and the others sang it back. This call-and-response idea became a key element in the improvisation aspect of jazz. Moreover, brass bands also played a role in the creation ofShow MoreRelatedJazz From The United States999 Words   |  4 PagesJazz originated from the United States in the early part of the 20th century. From Ragtime and blues to Big Bean and Bebop, jazz has been a part of a proud African American tradition for over 100 years. The history of jazz has its roots firmly planted in the American cities of New Orleans, Chicago, and New York City. New Orleans jazz was first recorded in Chicago and New York, not in New Orleans. 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Critical Thinking Deductive Arguments and Inductive Arguments

Question: Describe about critical thinking and also describe the major arguments in the letter and standardization of the identified arguments and inductive generalization? Answer: 1.0 Major Arguments in the letter The major arguments that can be found within the Ms Denise halls letter are: The science is the benchmark of an educated society.....in promoting a healthy society. We find that science offers as the final explanation for our existence.....But, alas, science is mute on this point. In fact, it is our churches, mosques and synagogues that we learn about the meaning and value of life.....not science. When we turn to questions of an ethical nature......could accept. As we all know, knowledge involves the exercise of wisdom.....capacity for wisdom?. Hence, it is evident that our countrys leaders are right to downplay the significance of science.......it has little if anything to contribute. 2.0 Standardization of the identified Arguments and Inductive Generalization According to the argument 1, science is not the only or absolute way for the development of the educated society. Over the years, it has been found that the most of the newspapers and the most of the technical thoughts claimed that it is very much necessary to have scientific knowledge for the development of an educated society. However, it has been found that the science do not have the explanation for all the events that happens within the universe. It is quite evident that science does not have the ability to describe the natural events. Therefore, the argument 1 made on the letter is quite evident. Furthermore, the standardization can be achieved through stating that a healthy society is very much necessary to set up a science benchmarking. In the argument 2, it has been claimed that though the modern science claims that it provides the final explanation to the each events happened within the universe. However, it is very much evident that the science failed to explain the events like the contraction and the expansion of the universe with precisions. On this scenario, it has been seen that science has explained these phenomenon with assumptions and historical evidences Bruner (2014). Therefore, it is very much evident that science does not have the explanation for all. Therefore, standardization can be framed through stating that not all the phenomenon of the nature is possible to describe by science. According to argument 3, our trust and the conventional social education system provides the knowledge about the values and meaning of life. Therefore, to develop a educated society it is very necessary to infuse the value and meaning of the life through trusting the basic thoughts of the society. However, Eric Abets contradicted this argument through stating that the basic knowledge of science is the key for the development of the educated society. Eric Abets cited the example of the increasing abortion and breast cancer on this issue Pedersen (2012). This contradictory evident is very strong and therefore, the argument 3 could be standardised through stating that both the science and the conventional knowledge is required to develop an educated society. Ethics is one of the most important aspects for the development of a society. Through the argument 4, it has been expressed that it is the inability of the science that it fails to explain the concept of ethics to the society. However, Eric Abets argued that the basic knowledge about the science would provide the judgemental power to the society on different issues like GM crops, smoking, alcohol etc (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2014). This contradiction is quite logical. Therefore, the argument 4 can be furthermore standardised through stating that for the development and establishment of the societal ethical points both the science and the conventional thoughts are required. Wisdom and the knowledge are very much interrelated to each other (Theunissen,2014). Through the argument 5, it has been explained that it is well known that the knowledge can only be acquired through the practice of wisdom. It directly counters the thoughts of science through questioning its capacity. On this argument, it has been told, Science is a small component of human intellectual. It has been quite evident that in the establishment of the societal and the global brotherhood it requires wisdom not the atomic powers. Therefore, considering the present global and the internal societal facts it is quite significant that the society needs knowledge and wisdom rather than the science. Through the argument 6 the action of the political leaders were supported in downplaying the science issue. It has been stated that the science can only provide solutions to the practical issue. However, while catering with the bigger fundamental and societal issues it requires the involvement of the humanity and the wisdom rather than scientific contribution. However, in the incidents like Ebola it has been observed that the fundamental thoughts restricted the human involvement. However, science allowed the human access with optimum protection and this enabled the greater society to control this disease to some extent (Dean, 2006). Therefore, a further standardization on the statement 6 can be made through stating that for the greater benefit of the society a union of science and wisdom is required. 3.0 Statistical Generalization Statistical generalization provides statistical evidence either for the statement or against the statement. Therefore, according to The Sydney Morning Herald (2014) the popularity of the science education has been decreased by 40% over the years. This significantly points out the decreasing interest on science especially from the Australian youth. The letter from Ms hall very aggressively points out the limitation of the science and it says that the practice of the wisdom is much required than the practice of science. According to Philip Kitcher both the conventional and the scientific knowledge is very much required for the betterment of the society (Kitcher, 2012). According to him, the evolution of society has been transferred from the conventional thoughts to the scientific thoughts. This transformation has changed the dimension of the learning. The modern society demands the domain specific knowledge that is only possible through the practice of science. 4.0 Interference through showing strengths and weaknesses of the statements Argument 1: The major strength of the argument 1 is that it is very much true that only the knowledge will not help to develop an educated society. The main reason behind this is that according to (Gregory, 2010) knowledge of science only helps to become well-informed society. However, it is the basic knowledge of the humanity that will help to develop a well-educated society. The major weakness of this argument is that it completely denies the contribution of science. It is very evident from some of the facts that the conventional social thoughts sometimes failed to save the human life but science saved human life at that time. Therefore, downplaying the contribution of science could lead to a societal myopia within the society. Argument 2: The major strength of this argument is that it has very successfully pointed out the limitations of the science. Over the years, it has been seen that science has claimed that it has the ultimate answer but it has significantly failed to provide clarification on the natural issues (Agassi, 2014). Science tried to provide answers of these situations through complex analysis through taking help from the conventional explanations. Therefore, it is evident that science is not self sufficient to explain everything. The weakness of this statement is the debate between science V/s philosophy is a long-lived debate and the main theme of the debate is what has been illustrated through this statement. Therefore, this statement does not state anything else. It could be consider as the fallacies. Argument 3: The main strength of this statement is that improvises the source of the core thoughts and the trust on the almighty. According to Skyrms (2014) the formation of the society and the societal bonding has been developed through keeping trust upon the almighty and the meaning of the life has been derived from this belief. This belief works as a invisible bonding to keep the society into a particular form. The weakness of this argument is that through dividing the source of core belief and knowledge it somewhere influences the communal thoughts within the society. Argument 4: The strength of this statement is that it is very much evident that the human emotions and the human beliefs have developed a code of ethics that says to develop the brotherhood among the societies for the betterment of the individual and the society. This development of ethics is completely driven by the core beliefs and human emotions (Heath, 2014). Therefore, the statement is very much valid in any societal context. It also has shown the limitation of science on the human behavioural factors. The weakness of this argument is that it shows biasness against science. It is true that science do not have any explanation on the ethics but the modern science through the man watching study has successfully explained couple of ethical codes. Argument 5: It is very much evident that the practice of wisdom has major contribution in the development of knowledge. The ancient wisdom has given the platform for the enrichment of the knowledge through the synthesis on the wisdom. This argument clearly defines the barrier of science for the development of societal knowledge (White, 2014). The main weakness of this argument is that it only focuses on the societal knowledge development. It does not provide focuses to the other aspects of the knowledge like the medical knowledge and other functional knowledge. Considering this single focused argument it can be said that it is very much of a casual statement. Argument 6: The major strength of this argument is that it provides a direction to the political leaders about the advancement of the society. The main weakness of this statement is that it promotes the negative sense on the science education. This will affect the societal development adversely in the longer run. 5.0 Analysis of the rhetoric According to Agassi (2014) if the Australian leaders and the business houses downplay the science and the science-education, it will create a social chaos within a short time. This will not only affect the growth of the Australian society but also will damage the growth of the country especially in the areas like medical, manufacturing etc. However, it is very much supportable that the controllable scientific application needs to be applied for the betterment of the society. On this segment, the political and the business houses needs to be apply science for the betterment of the larger society. In present scenario, it has been seen that some of the companies and some of the agencies claims something that is vague and false. Therefore, the science education will help to reduce the growth of this kind of activities. The particular letter says about the effectiveness of the wisdom, knowledge and ethics. On this three aspects the writer has raised the question about the capacity of the science through deliberately pointing out some of the gray areas of science. According to Gregory (2010) to become an educated society both knowledge and logic is very much required. White (2014) stated that the only the moral and ethical development will never be able to develop an educated society. The main reason behind this is that only the ethical and the synthesis of the wisdom cannot develop the nature of the critical thinking. The nature of critical thinking only can be developed through the practice of science. Therefore, from the public point of view the negative biasness on the science will reduce the critical thinking process of the society. According to Dean (2006) the science should be applied though the utilitarianism approach. The main reason for this is that it will help to develop a society through its good practices because science is a logical cause effect process. On the other hand, the concept of Social Darwinism improvises the Survival of the fittest and the creation of wealth. However, the creation of wealth creates discrimination within the society and this will create a misbalance within the society. This misbalance in future could lead to the destruction of the social bonding. 5.0 Recommendations Throughout the study, it has been seen that the main motto of the letter is to promote the gray side of the science. This letter also appreciated the downplaying on the science from the political leaders. However, it is highly recommended that not to downplay the science and the science education within the society. Moreover, the Australian political leaders need to provide more stress on the science education. In the case of Ebola in South Africa, the South African community failed to even create an initial barrier only because of lower awareness about handing of the issue. This awareness only can be provided by the scientific education. On the other hand, it is also very highly recommended that a well structured social education road map needs to be developed that will contain both the synthesis of the wisdom and the practice of the science. The wisdom will provide the knowledge about the humanity and the values of life. On the other hand, science will help the society to analyze the events through the logical process. Moreover, the basic knowledge of science will help the society to differentiate between the truth and the false claims. The other recommendation is that while describing the need and the content of the meaning of life, values and ethics of life and society it is better not to bring the churches, mosques affront. Bringing this affront may influence the communal thoughts within the system. The growth of the communal through is very dangerous for the society and the country. On the other hand, it is recommended that to keep the science and conventional learning separate from each other. Science v/s religious thoughts it is a long haul debate and it has created may disparities within the society. Therefore, to maintain the societal harmony it is better not to mix these two aspects. Reference List Books Dean, K. (2006). Realism, philosophy and social science. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. Skyrms, B. (2014). Social dynamics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Journals Agassi, J. (2014). Introducing Philosophy of Social Science., Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 44(4), pp.536-550. Bruner, J. (2014). Diversity, tolerance, and the social contract., Politics, Philosophy Economics. 12(6), pp.23-30. Gregory, J. (2010). The political philosophy of Walzer's social criticism., Philosophy Social Criticism, 36(9), pp.1093-1111. Heath, J. (2014). Rebooting discourse ethics., Philosophy Social Criticism, 40(9), pp.829-866. Pedersen, J. (2012). Social philosophy: A reconstructive or deconstructive discipline?., Philosophy Social Criticism, 38(6), pp.619-643. Theunissen, M. (2014). The Idea of Philosophy and Its Relation to Social Science., Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 44(2), pp.151-178. White, S. (2014). Does Critical Theory need strong foundations?.,Philosophy Social Criticism. 2(5),pp.12-16. Websites Kitcher, P. (2012). The Trouble With Scientism: Underrate The Humanities and Arts at Your Own Peril. [online] The New Republic. Available at: https://www.newrepublic.com/article/books-and-arts/magazine/103086/scientism-humanities-knowledge-theory-everything-arts-science [Accessed 9 Jan. 2015]. The Sydney Morning Herald, (2014). Science the benchmark of an educated society. [online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/comment/smh-editorial/science-the-benchmark-of-an-educated-society-20141019-118cwl.html [Accessed 9 Jan. 2015].

Nixons Foreign Policy A Global Balance Of Power Essays

Nixon's Foreign Policy: A Global Balance Of Power Nixon's Foreign Policy: Global Balance of Power Period: 7 Background Richard Nixon entered office in the midst of one of the gravest foreign policy crises in American history. The Cold War was at its height, hundreds of thousands of American troops were in Vietnam, and the views of society were split down the middle. With the aid of his national security adviser and secretary of state, Henry Kissinger, Nixon felt that it was imperative to change America's foreign policy. They felt that it was necessary to support our interests in the long run, they felt it necessary to have a balance of power throughout the world in order to ensure peace and prosperity. One has to take into consideration geopolitics when discussing balance of power. The main purpose is stability by using different political philosophies based on geography, and self-interest. If the major powers pursued their self-interest rationally and predictably, an equilibrium would emerge from the conflicting interest. Nixon knew that a strong America is essential to global equilibrium, and counted on stability to produce it. Under Nixon's new policy partnership, strength, and the willingness to negotiate were the three pillars essential in keeping peace. The policy would stop trying to eliminate communism and win the Cold War, but rather replace it through new initiatives directed toward finding areas of cooperation. In fact it was clear that the Soviet Union was Nixon's biggest partner towards peace. Nixon parted with the philosophy of containment, and thought that negotiations and peaceful competition would lead to strengthening of democracies. These negotiations became known as D?tente. When Nixon announced to the world his new plan for foreign affairs, it became known as the Nixon Doctrine. It was an outline of America's foreign policy that dealt with the ordeal that the past involvement in Korea and Vietnam, which were countries with no prior commitment to us, and in regions not protected by any alliances. As a result he outlined the criteria for involvement in world affairs. He stated, ?1) The United States would keep its treaty commitments. 2) The United States would ?provide a shield if a nuclear power threatens the freedom of a nation allied with us or of a nation whose survival we consider vital to our security.' 3) In cases involving non-nuclear aggression, the United States would ?look to the nation directly threatened to assume the primary responsibility of providing the manpower for defense.'? It was thought that if America would not always be a safety net for smaller countries, they would increase their defense systems to be more adequate for the job. In the end the Nixon-Kissinger foreign policy boils down to stability, and in order to achieve that stability there must be a global balance of power. They want us as Americans to keep our idealistic values and promote peace, but realize what the country has the capability and authority to do in the world. Options to global balance of power Wilsonian idealism reigned supreme with our foreign policy for many years, and the country was quite comfortable with it. The policy enabled the United States to conduct their global role with missionary vigor. It promoted democracy and human rights, which made people, feel good about themselves. Wilson had the perception that the world was on an inevitable course for peace and democracy, and it was our job to help the inevitable along. America is the leader of the world, and it is our duty to set an example, and at times act accordingly to show that example. Under this philosophy we are urged to preserve freedom, democracy, and peace at any price. Wilsonianism rejects the thought of peace through balance of power in favor of peace through moral consensus. It sees foreign policy as a struggle between good and evil, in which evil foes must be defeated. When a crisis rises it is not disturbance of a balance or equilibrium, but as a deviation from moral standards and order. The liberals and Wilsonian believers thought Nixon's policy could not answer the questions pertaining to such moral issues as arms control and human rights. They felt that his policy was not going far enough and was going to continue

Abandon the Use of Cellular Phones essays

Abandon the Use of Cellular Phones essays In this new age of technology, it is incredibly common to see someone with a cellular phone in their hand whether walking across a street, driving in an automobile or buying a brand new one at a local wireless phone company. Seemingly, there are now well over 140 million cellular phone users around the world (Sundeen, 2003). The handheld device is convenient for those who need to call ahead if they are running late for an appointment, to make an emergency phone call or to have a simple conversation. Despite the convenience factor of wireless phones, there are intriguing ramifications such as aircraft malfunctioning, automobile accidents and health issues that should lead to the diminishing of cellular phones. Warned by many airline companies, one of the problems caused by cellular phones is the interference with the aircrafts communication and navigation systems. It was not until the year 2000 when all airline companies ban the use of cellular phones. The law restriction was forced primarily because of an air crash of the flight number LX 498 Crossair (Saab 340), a private aircraft, which killed 10 people on board. The speculation was that it was caused by an SMS message received by a passenger and a cellular phone call. Data was misinterpreted which led to a crash (Murtazin t pose much of a problem if something did occur like the events of fli...

Charles Dickens Essays - Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers

Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens was born February 7, 1812, in Ports Mouth, Hampshire. In his infancy his family moved to Chatham, where he spent his happiest years and often refers to this time in his novels (1817-1822). From 1822 to 1860 he lived in London, after which he permanently moved to a quiet country cottage in Glads Hill, on the outskirts of Chatham. He grew up in a middle class family. His father was a clerk in the navy pay office and was well paid, but his extravagant living style often brought the family to financial disaster. The family reached financial "rock bottom" in 1824. Charles was taken out of school and sent to work in a factory doing manual labour, while his father went to prison for his debt. These internal disasters shocked Charles greatly. He refers to his working experiences in his writings. Although he hated doing labour, he gained a sympathetic knowledge into the life of the labour class. He also brings forth the images of prison and of the lost and oppressed child in many novels. His schooling ended at 15, and he became a clerk in a solicitor's office, then a short hand reporter in the lawcourts (where he gained much knowledge of legalities which he used in his novels), and finally like other members of his family, a newspaper reporter. Here, he got his first taste of journalism and fell in love with it immediately. Drawn to the theatre, Charles Dickens almost pursued the career of an actor In 1833, he began sending short stories and descriptive essays to small magazines and newspapers. These writings attracted attention and were published in 1836 under the name, Sketches by "Boz". At the same time, he was offered a small job of writing the text for a small comic strip, where he worked with a well know artist. Seven weeks later, the first instalment of The Pickwick Papers appeared. Within a few months Pickwick was the rage and Dickens was the most popular author of the day. During 1836, he also wrote two plays and a pamphlet, he then resigned from his newspaper job, and undertook the editing job of a monthly magazine, Bentley's Miscellany, in which he serialized Oliver Twist (1837-1839). By this time, the first of his nine surviving children had been born, He had married Catherine, eldest daughter of a respected journalist George Hogorth (April 1836). Novels His first major success was with The Pickwick Papers. They were high spirited and contained many conventional comic butts and jokes. Pickwick displayed, many of the features that were to be blended in to his future fiction works; attacks on social evils and the delight in the joys of Christmas. Rapidly thought up and written in mere weeks or even days before its publication date, Pickwick contained weak style and was unsatisfactory in all, partly because Dickens was rapidly developing his craft as a novelist while doing it. This style of writing in a first novel, made his name know literally overnight, but created a new tradition of literature and was made one of the best know novel's of the world. After The Pickwick Papers were published in 1837, he put together another novel, Oliver Twist. Though his artistic talent is very much evident, he refrained from using the successful formula used in The Pickwick Papers. Instead, Oliver Twist is more concerned with social and more evil, though it did still contain much comedy. The long last of his fiction is partly due to its being so easy to adapt into effective stage plays. Sometimes 20 London theatres simultaneously were producing adaptations of his latest story; so even non- readers became acquainted with simplified versions of his works. In the novel Barnaby Grudge he attempted another type of writing, a historical novel. It was set in the late 18th century and graphically explored the spectacle of large scale mob violence. The task of keeping unity throughout his novels (which often included a wide range of moods and materials and several complicated plots involving scores of characters) was made even more difficult because he was forced to write and publish them, while also doing on going serials. His next major work, and probably his most famous was published in 1843, and was called A Christmas Carol. Suddenly conceived and written in mere weeks, while he was preoccupied in writing another serial, it was an unmatched achievement. His view of life was described as "Christmas Philosophy," and he spoke of "Carol philosophy" as the basis of his work. He

List and describe the three choises you have if Windows is already Essay

List and describe the three choises you have if Windows is already installed on the harddrive and you want to install a different Windows operating system - Essay Example You simply pop in the CD/DVD with the higher version of Windows. Choose custom install and select upgrade. Then select the system drive as the partition to install the higher version of Windows. Wait for installation to complete. 3. Re-installing the previous version. Uninstalling the current Windows operating system and reinstalling the previous operating system. This is possible with Windows Vista and Windows 7. You simply use the original installation disk (for the previous operating system) by inserting it into your computer and following the prompts. Remember to back up your data before you commence on any of the procedures above. Also note that installation can be done using the network or USB depending on the motherboard capability for the computer being installed

Dis Post Poll 211 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dis Post Poll 211 7 - Essay Example Modern societies also exhibit social structural differentiation with distinct definitions of political and national institutions. Modern societies also have a differentiated political structure and secularized political culture. Many modern societies are in a position to advance the political system of a society (Crain 67). Promoters of the modernization theory highlight that modernization occurs in phases. The five phases include the existence of a traditional society, the emergence of preconditions for takeoff, the real takeoff process, the drive to maturity, and finally the emergence of a high content consumption society. Modernization theorists reveal that the process began in Europe and America. The modernization process is highly transformative. The modernization process has been moving to the traditional societies in other continents. However, the completion of the process will take a long time. Other theories such as the theory of dependency and the theory of world systems do not explain the existence of income gaps effectively. For example, the theory of dependency cannot explain why countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China have the highest level of economic growth, yet they do not appear in the list of the developed countries (He 34). In addition, the theory of globalization does not explain why there is increasing income inequality in both developed and developing